Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary: A Timeless Guide to Biblical Understanding

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible is one of the most enduring and widely used resources for Bible study. Known for its clarity, depth, and spiritual insight, this commentary distills the essence of Matthew Henry’s original six-volume work into a shorter, more accessible format. It has been cherished by readers for over three centuries as a tool for deepening their understanding of Scripture and its practical application.

This post explores the origins, structure, key features, and enduring legacy of Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary, as well as its impact on the study of the Bible.

Who Was Matthew Henry?

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) was an English Nonconformist minister and theologian, best known for his extensive commentary on the Bible. Born in Flintshire, Wales, Henry was raised in a devout Christian household. His father, Philip Henry, was a Presbyterian minister who instilled in him a love for the Scriptures.

Educated privately due to restrictions on Nonconformists in England, Henry later pursued ministry work in Chester and Hackney. He gained a reputation as a passionate preacher and a skilled expositor of Scripture. His sermons emphasized the importance of applying biblical principles to daily life, a theme that would dominate his writings.

Matthew Henry began his commentary on the Bible in 1704 and worked on it until his death in 1714. While he completed the Old Testament and the Gospels, his work on the rest of the New Testament was finished posthumously by other ministers who admired his style and vision.

The Original Commentary vs. the Concise Version

The original Exposition of the Old and New Testament by Matthew Henry is a six-volume work that provides an in-depth, verse-by-verse interpretation of Scripture. It combines theological insights, historical context, and practical application. While highly detailed and thorough, its length makes it less accessible for casual readers or those seeking a quick reference.

The Concise Commentary was created to address this need for brevity and accessibility. It distills Henry’s original work into shorter summaries and key insights, making it ideal for personal devotions, Bible study groups, and new students of the Bible. Despite its brevity, the concise version retains the essence of Henry’s thought and his commitment to making Scripture understandable and applicable.

Structure and Key Features

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary follows the structure of the Bible, offering insights on each book from Genesis to Revelation. Here are some key features that define this work:

1. Book-by-Book Analysis

Each book of the Bible is introduced with a brief overview, highlighting its themes, purpose, and context. Henry provides a roadmap for understanding how each book fits into the broader biblical narrative.

2. Chapter Summaries

For each chapter, Henry summarizes the main events and teachings, drawing out spiritual and moral lessons. These summaries are concise but rich in meaning, often connecting the text to broader theological principles.

3. Practical Application

One of the hallmarks of Henry’s commentary is its focus on applying Scripture to everyday life. Whether discussing God’s covenant with Abraham or Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, Henry emphasizes the relevance of biblical truths for personal growth, ethical behavior, and spiritual devotion.

4. Christ-Centered Interpretation

Matthew Henry’s writings are deeply Christocentric. He frequently draws connections between Old Testament prophecies and their fulfillment in Jesus Christ, demonstrating the unity of the Bible as a whole.

5. Pastoral Tone

Written with a pastor’s heart, the Concise Commentary encourages readers to reflect on their relationship with God. Henry’s language is warm and approachable, offering encouragement and exhortation in equal measure.

Themes Highlighted in the Commentary

1. God’s Sovereignty

Henry’s work emphasizes the sovereignty of God over history, nature, and human affairs. He consistently points to God’s providential care and ultimate control, encouraging trust and obedience.

2. The Centrality of Scripture

For Henry, the Bible is the ultimate guide for faith and practice. His commentary underscores the sufficiency and authority of Scripture, urging readers to study it diligently.

3. Human Sin and Divine Grace

Henry frequently explores the themes of human sinfulness and God’s redemptive grace. He highlights the need for repentance and the assurance of forgiveness through Christ.

4. The Call to Holiness

Throughout his commentary, Henry calls readers to pursue a life of holiness, marked by love for God and neighbor. He emphasizes the transformative power of the Holy Spirit in the believer’s life.

Impact and Legacy

1. Influence on Preachers and Teachers

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary has been a staple for preachers and Bible teachers for generations. Its clear insights and practical applications provide a foundation for sermons, lessons, and theological discussions.

2. Devotional Use

The commentary’s accessible format makes it ideal for personal devotions. Readers can easily use it alongside their Bible reading to gain deeper understanding and spiritual encouragement.

3. Enduring Popularity

Despite being written in the early 18th century, the Concise Commentary remains widely used today. It has been translated into multiple languages and is available in print, digital, and online formats, ensuring its reach to a global audience.

4. A Bridge Between Academics and Laypeople

Henry’s ability to present profound theological truths in simple language has made his work a bridge between scholars and laypeople. His commentary appeals to both groups, offering depth without overwhelming complexity.

Criticism and Modern Relevance

While Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary is highly regarded, it is not without criticism. Some modern readers find its language dated or its interpretations overly allegorical. Additionally, the concise format may omit nuances present in the original work.

However, its timeless truths and devotional insights continue to resonate. In an age of rapid information, the Concise Commentary offers a grounded, reflective approach to Bible study, reminding readers of the eternal relevance of God’s Word.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible is a treasure trove of biblical wisdom. It bridges the gap between the 18th century and today, offering timeless insights into God’s Word. Its combination of clarity, practicality, and spiritual depth has ensured its place as a beloved resource for Christians worldwide.

Whether used for in-depth study or daily reflection, the Concise Commentary invites readers to engage with the Bible not just as a historical text, but as the living Word of God. In the words of Matthew Henry himself:
"The Scriptures were written, not to make us astronomers, but to make us saints."

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Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, a brilliant general and statesman, played a critical role in the shift from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire.

Augustus Augustus, the first Roman emperor, ushered in an era of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.

Tiberius Succeeding Augustus, Tiberius, a skilled military leader, became a controversial emperor known for both stability and a later reign of terror.

Caligula Caligula, notorious for his cruelty and extravagance, ruled Rome for just four chaotic years.

Claudius Overcoming a reputation for disability, Claudius proved to be a capable emperor who expanded the Roman Empire and improved its infrastructure.

Nero Nero, the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, is remembered for both his early promise and later descent into tyranny.

Galba Galba, a seasoned aristocrat who rose to power after Nero's suicide, faced a turbulent reign marked by financial woes and military discontent.

Otho Ruling for only three months in the tumultuous Year of the Four Emperors, Otho seized power but was defeated and committed suicide.

Vitellius Briefly holding power in 69 AD during the Year of the Four Emperors, Vitellius was known for his indulgence and was ultimately overthrown and killed.

Vespasian Rising from humble beginnings, Vespasian restored stability to the Roman Empire after a civil war and launched an ambitious building program.

Titus Son of Vespasian, Titus became emperor known for both his ruthless conquest of Jerusalem and his generosity during disasters.

Domitian Domitian, the last Flavian emperor, strengthened the Roman Empire's borders and economy but was seen as a tyrant by the Senate.

Nerva Nerva, the first of the Five Good Emperors, ushered in a new era of stability after a period of violence.

Trajan Renowned for his military conquests and public works projects, Trajan led the Roman Empire to its greatest territorial extent.

Hadrian Hadrian, a philhellene emperor known for Hadrian's Wall, consolidated the Roman Empire and focused on internal development.

Antoninus Pius Antoninus Pius, known for his peaceful reign and devotion to public works, was considered one of the Five Good Emperors.

Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius, the last of the Five Good Emperors, was both a philosopher king and a stoic leader who fought relentlessly to defend the Roman Empire.

Commodus Son of Marcus Aurelius, his reign marked the end of the Pax Romana and is often considered the beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire.

Pertinax A short-lived emperor, he ruled for just three months before being assassinated by the Praetorian Guard.

Didius Julianus Bought the throne in an auction held by the Praetorian Guard, his reign lasted just over two months before he was killed.

Septimius Severus Founder of the Severan dynasty, he secured his position after defeating his rivals in a civil war.

Caracalla Known for issuing the Antonine Constitution, granting Roman citizenship to all free men in the Empire.

Geta Co-ruled with his brother Caracalla, but was murdered by him after their father’s death.

Macrinus A usurper who became emperor after arranging the assassination of Caracalla. He was overthrown and killed.

Elagabalus Known for his eccentric and controversial religious practices, he was eventually assassinated by the Praetorian Guard.

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Maximinus Thrax Learn how his military background, brutal tactics, and short-lived rule marked the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century.